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Franc-archer
The ''Franc-archer'' was the first attempt at the formation of regular infantry in France. They were created by the ordinance of Montils-les-tours on the 28th of August 1448, which prescribed that in each parish an archer should be chosen from among the most apt in the use of arms; this archer to be exempt from the ''taille'' and certain obligations, to practise shooting with the bow on Sundays and feast-days, and to hold himself ready to march fully equipped at the first signal. Under Charles VII the ''francs-archers'' distinguished themselves in numerous battles with the English, and assisted the king to drive them from France. During the succeeding reigns the institution languished, and finally disappeared in the middle of the 16th century.〔Arthur Augustus Tilley, Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies, Volume 5 (CUP Archive, 1964), pp. 159-61.〕
== Franc-archers in literature==
The franc-archers was a stock figure of fun in literary satire as early as the late 15th century. In these satires the franc-archer is portrayed as vainglorious, cowardly and militarily useless.
The ''francs-archers'' were nicknamed ''francs-taupins'', meaning either "free-moles" 〔William Duane (1810): A Military Dictionary〕 or "free-beetles".〔Dr Faustroll (2007):Pataphysica 4: Pataphysica E Alchimia 2,pub iUniverse,ISBN 9780595426102, p.61〕
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